About Cubic Equation Solver
This solver finds every root of a cubic equation. Type x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6 = 0 and it reports the discriminant 4, finds the rational root x = 1, divides it out and solves the remaining quadratic to get 2 and 3. It is free, needs no sign-up and runs in your browser, so nothing you enter is uploaded.
It first prints the cubic discriminant, which tells you what to expect: positive means three distinct real roots, zero means a repeated root, and negative means one real root and two complex ones. Then it tries the rational root theorem. For x^3 + x + 2 = 0 it finds x = −1, divides to get x² − x + 2, and that quadratic has complex roots 0.5 ± 1.322875656i.
Not every cubic has a rational root. For x^3 - 2x - 5 = 0 the solver says so and finds the roots numerically: one real root near 2.094551482 and a complex pair. A repeated root is handled too: x^3 - 3x^2 + 3x - 1 = 0 is (x − 1)³, so x = 1 appears three times.
How to use Cubic Equation Solver
- Pick a type: Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Polynomial roots, 2 equations, 3 equations or Discriminant.
- For a single equation, type it in the box using ^ for powers, such as x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6 = 0. The type is detected from what you enter.
- For a system, fill the grid with the coefficients and the constant of each equation, in the order x, y, z, constant.
- Read the roots or the solution at the top of the result.
- Open the steps to follow the working, and look at the graph to see where the curve meets the axis.
Features
- Linear, quadratic, cubic and higher-degree polynomial equations in one variable, with the degree detected automatically.
- Quadratic roots with the discriminant shown and explained, including complex roots in the form a + bi.
- Exact rational roots shown as integers or fractions, such as x = 1/2, and exact radical and complex roots such as x = 1 ± √2 or x = −1 ± 2i.
- Cubic and higher equations solved by the rational root theorem, reducing the degree step by step, with a numeric fallback when no rational root exists.
- Cubic discriminant reported, so you know whether to expect three real roots or one real and two complex.
- Systems of 2 and 3 linear equations solved by Gauss-Jordan elimination, with the augmented matrix and each row operation typeset.
- Detects systems with no solution, and gives a parametric solution such as x = 2 − t, y = t for systems with infinitely many.
- Brackets, fractions and rational equations through the expression engine; values that make a denominator zero are excluded.
- A graph of the left side minus the right side with the real roots marked, which you can zoom, pan and export.
- A standalone discriminant mode for b² − 4ac.
Steps for a cubic
Test rational candidates, divide out a root, then solve the quadratic that remains.
candidates = ± (factors of d) / (factors of a)
ax³ + bx² + cx + d = (x − r)(quadratic)Worked examples
x^3 - 6x^2 + 11x - 6 = 0 gives x = 1, x = 2, x = 3
Δ = 4 > 0, so three real roots. x = 1 works, and dividing gives x² − 5x + 6 = (x − 2)(x − 3).
x^3 - 1 = 0 gives x = 1, x = −1/2 ± (√3/2)i
Δ = −27 < 0, so one real root and two complex. Dividing by (x − 1) gives x² + x + 1, whose D = −3.
Privacy: how it works
- Equations are solved by code running in your browser tab. They are not sent to Ulkaa or anyone else, and there is nothing to sign in to.
Tips
- Brackets, fractions and rational equations are accepted, so (x + 1)(x + 2) = 0, x/2 + 1 = 4 and (x + 1)/(x - 2) = 3 can be typed as they are.
- Move nothing yourself: write the equation as you have it, with terms on both sides if needed, and the solver collects them.
- Use a decimal or a fraction for coefficients, such as 0.5x + 2 = 5 or 1/2x + 2 = 5.
- In the system grid, leave a cell blank for a zero coefficient.
- For one variable, the equation can use x or any single letter, but only one letter per equation.
Frequently asked questions
Is it really free?
Yes. There is no price, no trial and no credit card. Ulkaa Tool does the work with your own device, so there is no server bill to pass on to you.
Do I need an account?
No. There is no sign-up and no login. Open the page and use it. An Ulkaa account is not needed for anything on this tool.
Does it run in my browser?
Yes. Your equations are processed by code running in your browser tab, on your own device.
Is my data uploaded?
No. Your equations are never sent to Ulkaa or to anyone else. You can check this yourself by watching the Network tab in your browser developer tools while you use the tool.
How do I solve a cubic equation?
Find one root, often by testing rational candidates, divide the cubic by the matching factor to get a quadratic, then solve the quadratic with the quadratic formula.
Can a cubic have no real roots?
No. A cubic always has at least one real root, because its graph goes from negative infinity to positive infinity. The other two may be complex.
More Equation Solver pages
- Equation SolverSolve linear, quadratic, cubic and polynomial equations and systems of equations, with the working and a graph.
- Quadratic Equation SolverType a quadratic and get its roots, the discriminant and the working.
- Quadratic Formula CalculatorSee the quadratic formula applied to your numbers, line by line.
- Linear Equation SolverSolve for x in an equation with x on one or both sides.
- System of Equations CalculatorEnter the coefficients of two equations and get x and y with each row operation.
- 3 Variable System of Equations SolverSolve three equations in x, y and z and see every row operation.
- Simultaneous Equations SolverSolve two equations at once and check the answer against both.
- Polynomial Roots CalculatorFind every root of a polynomial of any degree and plot the real ones.
- Discriminant CalculatorEnter a, b and c to get b² − 4ac and the type of roots.